台风“桑美”的数值模拟和地形敏感性试验   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

马玉芬  沈桐立  丁治英  张广兴 《南京气象学院学报》2009,32(2):277-286

用WRF模式对0608号台风“桑美”进行了数值模拟研究,较为成功地模拟出了台风路径和降水,但模拟的台风中心气压远高于实况。为研究“桑美”登陆期间地形的抬升作用对其降水及结构的影响,通过改变特定区域内的地形高度设计了一组敏感性试验。结果表明,台风登陆过程中地形抬升作用对台风降雨量有显著的增幅作用;台风中心位势涡度、气流垂直上升速度、水平水汽通量散度明显增大;地形抬升机制在台风登陆时刻达到最强。  相似文献   

强降水过程中热力切变平流参数的诊断分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

齐彦斌  冉令坤  洪延超 《大气科学》2010,34(6):1201-1213

在以往研究的基础上, 本文把对流涡度矢量的垂直分量、水平散度和广义位温的垂直梯度有机地结合起来, 引入热力切变平流参数的概念。本文针对两次强降水过程, 利用NCEP/NCAR全球最终分析资料对热力切变平流参数进行诊断分析, 结果表明, 热力切变平流参数能够比较准确地综合表征雨区上空水平风场切变和湿等熵面漏斗状向下伸展等动力学和热力学典型的垂直结构特征, 因而该参数与降水系统的发展演变密切相关, 与观测的6小时累积地面降水区存在一定的对应关系; 在空间水平分布和时间演变趋势上, 热力切变平流参数的异常值区覆盖着观测的6小时累积地面降水区; 该参数在降水区内表现为强信号, 而在非降水区表现为弱信号。影响热力切变平流参数发展演变的因素分析表明, 该参数倾向方程中通量散度项的异常值区覆盖着观测的6小时累积地面降水区, 表明雨区内通量散度项导致的热力切变平流参数变化比较明显, 其中纬向风速与经向风速相互作用的贡献是不容忽略的。  相似文献   

DIAGNOSIS OF WAVE ACTIVITY OVER RAINBAND OF LANDFALL TYPHOON   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冉令坤  阿布都尔·里赫姆  阿尔·拉马纳丹 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2009,15(2):121-129

A generalized wave-activity density, which is defined as an absolute value of production of three-dimensional vorticity vector perturbation and gradient of general potential temperature perturbation, is introduced and its wave-activity law is derived in Cartesian coordinates. Constructed in an agoestrophic and nonhydrostatic dynamical framework, the generalized wave-activity law may be applicable to diagnose mesoscale weather systems leading to heavy rainfall. The generalized wave-activity density and wave-activity flux divergence were calculated with the objective analysis data to investigate the character of wave activity over heavy-rainfall regions. The primary dynamical processes responsible for disturbance associated with heavy rainfall were also analyzed. It was shown that the generalized wave-activity density was closely correlated to the observed 6-h accumulative rainfall. This indicated that the wave activity or disturbance was evident over the frontal and landfall-typhoon heavy-rainfall regions in middle and lower troposphere. For the landfall-typhoon rainband, the portion of generalized wave-activity flux divergence, denoting the interaction between the basic-state cyclonic circulation of landfall typhoon and mesoscale waves, was the primary dynamic process responsible for the evolution of generalized wave-activity density.  相似文献   

Ocean-atmosphere momentum coupling in the Kuroshio Extension observed from space     

W. Timothy Liu  Xiaosu Xie 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):631-637

Using a combination of Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), and Lagrangian drifter measurements, we demonstrate that wind data alone are not sufficient to derive ocean surface stress (momentum flux) over mid-latitude ocean fronts, specifically the Kuroshio Extension. There was no continuous and large-scale stress measurement over ocean until the launch of the scatterometers. Stress had been derived from winds through a drag coefficient, and our concept of stress distribution may be largely influenced by our knowledge of wind distribution. QuikSCAT reveals that the variability of stress could be very different from wind. The spatial coherence between the magnitude of stress and sea surface temperature (SST), between the divergence of surface stress and the downwind SST gradient, and between the vorticity of stress and crosswind SST gradient, are the inherent characteristics of stress (turbulence production by buoyancy) that would exist even under a uniform wind field. The coherence between stress vorticity and SST gradient is masked by the rotation of ocean currents over the Kuroshio meanders. Surface stress rotates in the opposite direction to surface currents because stress is the vector difference between wind and current. The results are in agreement with a previous study of the Agulhas Extension and confirm the unique stress measuring capability of the scatterometer.  相似文献   

热带东风中经向扰动与纬向扰动的非线性相互作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

傅刚  左中道 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(4)

根据非线性的动量方程,利用多时间尺度分析方法,探讨由经向扰动与纬向扰动相互作用在热带东风中所造成的一类正压不稳定。分析表明:在零级近似下,给出了两个扰动传播的频率表达式,在一级近似下,得到了两个零级扰动振幅的解析表达式。鉴于方程中散度项的存在,当不同尺度的三个波相作用而发生共振时,仅总动能守恒,而总位拟能不守恒,这一点与无辐散大气的结论不同。两种扰动动能相互转换的机制则是涡度场与散度场的相互作用。  相似文献   

0421号热带风暴"海马"登陆后的温带变性过程特征探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

赵凯  尹东屏  沈树勤 《台湾海峡》2005,24(2):243-250

0421号热带风暴“海马”于2004年9月13日12:00在浙江温州市沿海登陆后,迅速减弱为热低压,然后继续北移;并在中高纬高空槽后的冷平流和中低纬低层暖式切变南部的暖平流共同作用下,低压加深及冷、暖锋生,发展为斜压温带锋面气旋.采用相对辐散作为气旋发展的判据,能很好地体现整个变化过程,气旋的移向基本上沿着相对辐散中心长轴方向移动.通过对地面温度场水平结构分析后发现,该气旋经历了3个阶段:暖涡旋基本对称结构、半冷半热非对称结构、冷涡旋基本对称结构.对流层低层气旋中心上空为暖平流区,引导气旋移动,而对流层中层的冷平流中心区一直位于气旋移向的下侧,推动气旋移动.  相似文献   

Zooplanktonic Communities of the Divergence Zone in the Northwestern Alboran Sea     

Jaime  Rodríguez  Alberto  García Valeriano  Rodriguez 《Marine Ecology》1982,3(2):133-142

Abstract. Using principal component analysis, the zooplanktonic communities of the divergence zone in the northwestern sector of the Alboran Sea were studied. The study was based on 35 vertical trawls in the 200 metres superficial level. The two first components account for 65 % of the total variance. The first component is a contrast between a warm water coastal community (characterized by low specific diversity and the abundance of Cladocera and Copepoda such as Acartia clausi, Centropages chierchiae and Temora stylifera) and a community of cold subsuperficial water distinguished by high specific diversity and a low number of individuals, one of its most characteristic elements being the eggs and larval stages of the Conostomasidae Maurolicus muelleri. The second component appears to be associated with an ecotone between the communities previously cited, and with a specific grouping (Rhincalanus nasutus, Eucalanus monachiis, Pseudocalanus elongatus, Temora longicornis , etc.) resulting from the peripheral displacement of subsuperficial elements brought to the surface by the cyclonic circulation of water masses between the Atlantic current and the Spanish coast.  相似文献   

基于相对熵的时差相位差自动识别校正方法     

王东凯  苗永康  金昌昆  周海廷 《物探与化探》2021,(1):127-132

针对地震资料处理中存在的时差、相位差问题,提出了一种时差、相位差自动识别校正方法。该方法以希尔伯特变换和相对熵算法为理论基础,以KL散度为判别准则,全过程数据驱动,自动化实现时差、相位差的识别与校正,有效降低人工识别成本,避免人为因素带来的误差。文中详细阐述了相关原理及实施过程,并通过数值模拟结果验证了该方法的正确性和有效性。连片、多分量实际资料的应用分析表明,相较于人工识别及理论值校正,该方法可以有效提高识别及校正精度,增强处理对象的一致性,改善剖面质量,为后续处理及解释工作提供技术保障。  相似文献   

Deformation characteristics of the ‘7.20' heavy rainfall event in North China          下载免费PDF全文

RAN Lingkun  LI Na  JIAO Yayin  JIAO Baofeng  ZHANG Linna 《大气和海洋科学快报》2019,(1):21-29

本文通过将变形引入到非均匀饱和湿大气动力框架下的非地转Q矢量中验证了变形对驱动与强降水有关的垂直运动中的重要性。进一步,为了将变形更好地应用于降水诊断,将变形与其他动热力因子结合,提出位势形变参数,并推导了其倾向方程。研究表明,位势形变与强降水有密切相关性,其包含与降水有关的关键动热力要素,从而使位势形变能够抓住强降水产生的动热力学要点,对降水有良好指示追踪意义。  相似文献   

三个登陆台风间接造成宁波大暴雨特征分析     

钱燕珍  潘灵杰  段晶晶  郭宇光  朱宪春 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(5):37-45

利用常规观测和自动站加密观测、雷达、卫星云图及NCEP再分析资料,统计登陆福建未进入浙江而对宁波产生影响的台风,着重分析近几年预报与实况差别较大的“菲特”、“杜鹃”和“莫兰蒂”台风造成宁波强降水的原因。结果表明：此类台风1949—2016年共有82例,43.9%造成宁波局部暴雨,9.8%造成局部大暴雨,4.9%造成全市范围大暴雨,其中75%发生在2013年以后。远距离、范围小的台风减弱后,云系扩散,与冷空气、副热带高压、其他台风等相互作用,有利于急流和持续性强降水的形成;低层水汽收入增加（减少）对于宁波降雨增强（减弱）的开始时间有6—12 h提前;非地转湿Q矢量散度负值的增强（减弱）对于宁波强降雨的开始（减弱）有提前6 h的预示意义。  相似文献